Hello smt-talkers<br><div class="gmail_quote"><br>I sent the Kennedy link and parts of the smt discussion on Plato's Dialogues<br>to Sean Gurd, a colleague in the Classics dept at Concordia <br>who is currently researching ancient Greek music praxis<br>
- and below you can find his slightly mixed response.<br>
He is ok with me sharing it with the list.<br><br>Best <br>Sandeep Bhagwati<br>Composer<br>Canada Research Chair Inter-X Art<br>Concordia University Montréal<br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div class="im">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>
From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Sean Gurd</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:sgurd@alcor.concordia.ca" target="_blank">sgurd@alcor.concordia.ca</a>></span><br>Date: 2010/7/2<br>Subject: Re: [Smt-talk] Math-music structure of Plato's Dialogues<br>
</div><div class="im">
To: matralab <<a href="mailto:matralab@gmail.com" target="_blank">matralab@gmail.com</a>><br><br><br></div><div style="word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="im">Hi Sandeep!<div><br></div><div>Thanks for sending these along! This is interesting, though my initial response is mixed (as I suspect will not be uncommon). And it is also probably uninformed: I just read the Kennedy piece, which i didn't know, and my musical remarks below may well be totally wrong.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I take it that his real interest is in the Pythagoreanism of Plato: this was until very recently assumed to be a late interpretation hoisted on Plato by the neo-platonist school, which got going no earlier than the 1st century CE (Thrasyllus, Tiberius' astrologer, seems to be the important person here): so close was neo-Platonism and the pythagorean interpretation that neo-platonists are often called neo-pythagoreans as well. But it is now clear that the evidence associating PLato and Pythagoras goes back much earlier, to within perhaps a generation of Plato himself: Philip Sydney Horky, in Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 37 (2009): 47-103 is interesting on this. So the idea that Plato was interested in and even strongly influenced by Pythagorean thought -- which is in any case suggested by the PLatonic texts themselves -- is alive and well.</div>
<div><br></div><div>But I'm really worried about two things, at least as they appear in the Apeiron article.</div><div><br></div><div>(1) I'm not sure what the significance of stichometric analysis really is here. William Johnson, who has done the standard study (Bookrolls and Scribes in Oxyrhynchus, University of Toronto P. 2005), has shown that there was no standard line-length in ancient book scrolls; indeed, while individual professional scriptoria might have had standard formats, they did not all have the same standard format, and I took away from Johnson's study that the standard formats were not determined by letter-counts but by a physical frame that scribes worked within. And different times saw different book formats come into vogue. <i>And</i> not every book circulating in the ancient world came from a professional scriptorium. People made copies for themselves, in their own hands, and these copies -- which are common in the papyri -- conform to no standard. So when Kennedy identifies a standard line-length and then says it is 35 letters long, I think he is relying on older, speculative scholarship that isn't supported by the evidence of the papyri themselves. In any case, even if Plato himself arranged for his final drafts to be written out in some standard line-length, this line length would not have survived across many copies -- people didn't <i>reproduce </i>stichometry when they made copies, though they did keep track of it. So an absolute set of proportions, e.g. making all his dialogues have lengths that were some multiple of 12, would have been a very short-lived, even extremely private, affair.</div>
<div><br></div><div>(Actually that doesn't totally rule out Kennedy's hypothesis. There is a story preserved in Diogenes Laertius that you could go to the Academy and see Plato's own manuscripts -- for a fee. So perhaps a "standard" stichometry did exist, at least in one institutionally privileged copy.)</div>
<div><br></div><div>I'm also having a hard time envisaging Plato's working process -- he almost certainly did not write in papyrus scrolls. Either he dictated -- most likely, I would say -- or he wrote on wax tablets (cf. the story, found in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, among others, of the tablet containing the first sentence of the republic, which PLato had rewritten many times). In neither of these cases is there a guarantee that any projected standard line-length would or even could be preserved: tablets, especially, had totally different dimensions. He might have counted individual letters, but this seems unlikely for texts as long as the Republic (though writers like Perec did it, so why not?). The <i>Laws</i>, Plato's last work, was unfinished at his death and put together by a follower -- Philip of Opus -- and the sources suggest that Philip found the text was written out on wax tablets. Did Philip follow Pythagorean proportions and a platonically-determined standard line length in making his edition? </div>
<div><br></div><div>On the other hand, does the standard line length even matter? Isn't the real point proportionality, which can, on Kennedy's hypothesis, be expressed with factors of 12? In that case any numerical metric would do -- in other words, we could count letters, or any standard line length or any standard page or column-size. </div>
<div><br></div><div>(The <i>Laws</i> raises another question. Kennedy presumably has more on this, but at this point it looks like he is saying that there are "disharmonic" moments, especially moments of disagreement, refutation, or dubious ethical behaviour at passages in the dialogues that conform to the "disharmonious" moments of his 12-note "scale" (on which, see below). I might be willing to buy this for the dialogues which are energetically dramatic, like the <i>Symposium</i> or the <i>Theatetus</i>, but it makes me wonder about the dialogues that are essentially expository, like the <i>Laws</i>, or the <i>Statesman</i> or the <i>Sophist</i>, where the dialogue form is really just a vehicle for a positive and systematic exposition. I would want to see how hard Kennedy has to work to get the relevant moments in those texts to reveal "disharmony.")</div>
<div><br></div><div>2. I don't understand the <i>musical</i> point of the number 12 (I understand, I think, the mathematical point). The 12-tone scale was almost certainly an innovation of Aristoxenus, working after Aristotle died, so much later than Plato. And it was based (as ours is) on dividing the tone into two equal parts -- two semitones. The octave could then be imagined as made out of 12 semitones. Pythagorean musicology flatly rejected this move, on mathematical grounds: the ratio expressing a tone is 9:8: half of this, if I understand the math (which I don't) would be an irrational number. Instead, the Pythagoreans identified a series of different intervals smaller than the tone, none of which are equal (and they vary, depending on the theorist), and they based their analysis of the actave on the tetrachord, <i>not</i> these microtonal intervals. An octave scale based on the tetrachord has 8 notes. At the very least, if Plato is a Pythagorean, then the division of the octave into 12 should not be into 12 perfectly regular intervals (as it is in the modern 12-tone scale), as Kennedy's stichometric analysis seems to assume. </div>
<div><br></div></div><div>Thus my thoughts. ...</div><div class="im"><div><br></div><div>Sean</div><div><div>
<span style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word;">
<span style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word;">
<div>--</div><div>Sean Alexander Gurd</div><div>Department of Classics, Modern Languages and Linguistics</div><div>Concordia University</div><div>1455 de Maisonneuve West Room H-663</div><div>Montréal, QC H3G 1M8</div><div>
CANADA</div><div>-------------------------------</div><div>(514) 848 2424 x5473</div><div>------------------------------</div><div><a href="mailto:sgurd@alcor.concordia.ca" target="_blank">sgurd@alcor.concordia.ca</a></div>
<div><br></div><br></div></span></div></span><br></span><br>
</div><div><div></div><div>
<br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div><br>
</div><br>