Dear Matt (and list),<div><br></div><div>This sounds like a terrific class you're preparing! Off the top of my head... </div><div><br></div><div>Augmented sixth chords, and the Ger+6 in particular, are fixtures of the <i>mysterioso/burgler/villain</i> musical topic that was enshrined in stock-music anthologies for silent films. Two major photoplay compilations come to mind that contain short pieces sprinkled with those sonorities": J.S. Zamecnik's 1913 <i>Sam Fox Motion Picture</i> <i>Anthology</i>, and Erno Rapee's more encyclopedic 1924 <i>Motion Picture Moods</i>. Both of these are available in pdf form on various websites. The usage of augmented sixth chords in these contexts tends to be fairly straightforward--cliched in the best sense of the term--though on occasion you might find inverted forms, such as the Ger+6(4/2) in the very famous "Mysterioso Pizzicato" from Rapee.</div>
<div><br></div><div>The harmonic associations with secretive or comic villainy that are solidified by these anthologies (and derived, of course, from prior European programmatic and melodramatic practices) persist throughout film scoring history. For the "mystery" association, special credit is owed, I suspect, to Saint-Saens, and his "Aquarium" in particular. A fine example of the augmented sixth (esp. Fr+6s) infusing a score is Waxman's <i>Bride of Frankenstein </i>(1935). One can hear ripples of that usage in horrific films as recently as the <i>The X-Files </i>(Mark Snow) and especially <i>Harry Potter</i> (John Williams). The headlining theme for the <i>Potter</i> franchise is thoroughly chromatic, and incorporates a [iv-Ger+6-i] cadence at the end of most phrases. The progression is even more pervasive in the first sequel. It appears to grow out of Williams's penchant for b6-5-#4 melodic motions to suggest malevolence, which dates back perhaps to <i>The Fury</i> (1978), going through <i>Witches of Eastwick</i> (1987), and present in his most recent adventure film, <i>Tintin</i> (2011).</div>
<div><br></div><div>I'd be remiss if I didn't mention Bernard Herrmann, who exploited practically every stacked-third sonority at some point in his output. His famous score to <i>Vertigo</i> is better known for what Royal Brown dubs the "Hitchcock chord" (m-M7th) and its permutations, but it is also populated by some terrific Fr+6/Dom7 tritonal oscillations. Antony John's article "The Moment I Dreaded & Hoped For" in <i>Music Quarterly 85.3 </i>explores this harmonic axis in some detail. While not specifically on aug-6th chords, Scott Murphy's work on chromaticism in film should furnish you with many examples, particularly <a href="http://www.mtosmt.org/issues/mto.06.12.2/mto.06.12.2.murphy.html">this article</a>. My own research, including my dissertation, dwells in this area also. I'm currently working on chromatic modulations, which includes enharmonic reinterpretations of Ger+6/Dom7 chords; I'd be happy to discuss more with you through private email.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I hope this is of some help. I'm curious to hear what examples others can come up with!</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Frank Lehman</div><div><br>-- <br>Frank Lehman, Ph.D.<div>Adjunct Lecturer, Brown University</div>
<div>Head Teaching Fellow, Harvard University</div><div><a href="mailto:flehman@fas.harvard.edu" target="_blank">flehman@fas.harvard.edu</a></div><div><a href="mailto:frank_lehman@brown.edu" target="_blank">frank_lehman@brown.edu</a><br>
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